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<title>FS Class D.445</title>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style=";">FS class D.445</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">FS D 445 1125 at Venezia Santa Lucia railway station</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Type and origin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Power type</th><td class="infobox-data">Diesel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Builder</th><td class="infobox-data">FIAT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Build date</th><td class="infobox-data">1974-1988</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Configuration:<br></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"> • <a href="UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="B%E2%80%B2B%E2%80%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="B′B′">B′B′</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Wheel diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">1.040 m (40.94 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="Wheelbase#Rail" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,460 m (27,755 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) between bogie pivots</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">14.100 m (46 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">3.000 m (9 ft <span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">4.280 m (14 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Loco weight</th><td class="infobox-data">73 <a href="Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (72 <a href="Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 80 <a href="Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Fuel type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Naphtha" title="Naphtha">Naphtha</a>, <a href="Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="Traction_motor" title="Traction motor">Traction motors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DC series</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Transmission</th><td class="infobox-data">64/25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="Railway_brake" title="Railway brake">Loco brake</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Maschinenfabrik_Oerlikon" title="Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon">Oerlikon FV4a</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Performance figures</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Maximum speed</th><td class="infobox-data">130 km/h (81 mph)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Power output</th><td class="infobox-data">1,560 kW (2,090 hp), 1,140 kW or 1,530 hp with all auxiliary equipment and carriage heating generator running</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;"><a href="Tractive_effort" title="Tractive effort">Tractive effort</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220 <a href="Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">kN</a> (49,000 <a href="Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">lb<sub>f</sub></a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eeb47f; font-size:100%; padding-left:3em;">Career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Operators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="FS_Trenitalia" class="mw-redirect" title="FS Trenitalia">FS Trenitalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Number in class</th><td class="infobox-data">150</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em; line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em; width:36%;">Disposition</th><td class="infobox-data">In service</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Class D.445</b> is a class of <a href="Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel locomotives</a> used by the <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato (FS)</a> railway company and by <a href="Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a>. 150 units were built between 1974 and 1988, divided into three series.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The D.445 represented an evolution of the <a href="FS_Class_D.443" title="FS Class D.443">FS Class D.443</a> locomotive,<sup id="cite_ref-Centeleghe,_2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centeleghe,_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maintaining the predecessor's reliability and operational capabilities. At the beginning of the 1970s FS, during a plan aimed at the expansion and modernization of current service, designed a new version of an unified diesel locomotive which could also resolve the issue of supplying power to heat carriages in an efficient way through a high voltage 2,800 V<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Head_end_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Head end power">head end power</a> supply (REC) fed by a secondary generator. Previous diesel locomotives were not provided with this and so required the use of a <a href="Generator_wagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Generator wagon">generator wagon</a> (<i>Carro Riscaldo</i>), leading to increased weight. The first series of locomotives, introduced from 1974, were built with curved front windscreens which would be later replaced by cheaper and sturdier flat ones.

</p><p>In 1979 a second series was ordered, fitted with the Italian standard 78 wire control equipment for use with <a href="Control_car" title="Control car">driving carriages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 1980s the whole group consisted of 150 units which allowed the retirement of the then old <a href="FS_Class_D.341" title="FS Class D.341">D.341</a> and D.342 locomotives.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>The locomotive follows the general unified characteristics of other engines about the chassis and mechanical design. The biggest differences are inside the electrical part: the two MTSC 039/19 <a href="Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> motors (permanently in parallel) are fed by a three-phase <a href="Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> generator (in place of a DC one as previous locomotives) through a <a href="Rectifier" title="Rectifier">Graetz Bridge</a>.

</p><p>A high tension secondary DC generator provides a 300 kW (400 hp)/2750 V output, able to supply enough power for 7/10 coaches depending on the type of climatising equipment installed.

</p><p>The prime mover is a <a href="FIAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FIAT">FIAT</a> A210-12 supercharged engine with 12 90° “V” cylinders with a displacement of 95.7 L (5,840 cu in) that produces 1,560 <a href="Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a> (2,090 <a href="Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a>) at 1500 <a href="Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a>. The engine is cooled by a forced circulation of cooling fluid through <a href="Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">radiators</a> with two hydraulically driven fans.

</p><p>The <a href="Alternator" title="Alternator">alternator</a> is controlled by an electronic <a href="Pulse-width_modulation" title="Pulse-width modulation">PWM</a> control unit which is commanded by a 13 step regulator.

</p><p>The bogies are a <a href="Monomotor_bogie" title="Monomotor bogie">monomotor design</a> with a 'dancing ring' coupling,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving a <a href="B%E2%80%B2B%E2%80%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="B′B′">B′B′</a> wheel arrangement. They are suspended by a <a href="Flexicoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexicoil">flexicoil</a> arrangement, with additional traction rods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h3></div>

<p>1st series units originally had curved windscreens, replaced in the 1980s by flat glas, later used on 2nd and 3rd series units. Their maximum allowed speed is 130 km/h (81 mph). Like most FS stock, some D.445 have received the XMPR color scheme (white, green, blue).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1st_series">1st series</h4></div>

<p>The first series consists of 35 units (Numbered from 1001 to 1035), in green-over-Isabella brown livery. Equipped with three headlights, weren't provided with remote command system, applied starting from October 1996. They still had curved frontal glass panes.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2nd_series">2nd series</h4></div>

<p>The second series has 20 units (Numbered from 1036 to 1055), in the <i>Navetta</i> orange/purple livery used by <a href="Push-pull_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Push-pull train">push-pull trains</a>. The main difference between 1st and 2nd series units was the addition of remote control equipment for use with control cars.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3rd_series">3rd series</h4></div>

<p>The third series has 95 units (Numbered from 1056 to 1150), in the same push-pull livery as the 2nd series. These units have five lights on each cab (three headlights and two red tail lights). Like 2nd series, they can be controlled by a control carriage.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:FS_D.445" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:FS D.445">FS D.445</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCenteleghe2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mattia Centeleghe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tbelluno.altervista.org/DOCUMENTI/Tesina_D445.pdf">"Analisi della locomotiva gruppo D445"</a> [Analysis of the D445 group locomotive] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20079_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCenteleghe2007">Centeleghe (2007)</a>, p. 9.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenteleghe20078_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCenteleghe2007">Centeleghe (2007)</a>, p. 8.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCervigni1984" class="citation journal cs1">Cervigni, Vittorio (1984). "Locomotive diesel D.445". <i>ITreni Oggi</i> (41).</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFerrovie_dello_Stato" class="citation book cs1">Ferrovie dello Stato. <i>D.445 technical documentation</i>.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Classes_of_Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane_locomotives152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classes of <a href="Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane</a> locomotives</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tender locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tank locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrow gauge locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">Rechargeable battery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">650 V DC <a href="Third_rail" title="Third rail">Third rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3,6 kV AC Three-Phase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10,6 kV AC Three-Phase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3 kV DC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">25 kV AC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Light shunters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shunters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heavy shunters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Train locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=FS_Class_D.445&oldid=1284224985">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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